On the robustness of applications based on the SSL and TLS security protocols. Æternity Open Source Blockchain for Scalable and Secure Smart Contracts. In Proceedings of the 13th European Conference on Computer Systems (EuroSys’18). Hyperledger fabric: A distributed operating system for permissioned blockchains. Androulaki Elli, Barger Artem, Bortnikov Vita, Cachin Christian, Christidis Konstantinos, Caro Angelo De, Enyeart David, Ferris Christopher, Laventman Gennady, Manevich Yacov, et al.Trustworthy blockchain oracles: Review, comparison, and open research challenges.
In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Industrial Internet (ICII’19). Decentralized access control for IoT data using blockchain and trusted oracles. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Internet of Things (iThings’18) and IEEE Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom’18) and IEEE Cyber, Physical and Social Computing (CPSCom’18) and IEEE Smart Data (SmartData’18). Astraea: A decentralized blockchain oracle. Adler J., Berryhill R., Veneris A., Poulos Z., Veira N., and Kastania A.We present the result of this classification with a thorough discussion of the state of the art and provide the remaining challenges and future research directions in the end. The former mainly relies on participants’ stakes for outcome finalization, while the latter considers reputation and performance metrics in conjunction with authenticity-proof mechanisms for data correctness and integrity. Since the existing solutions are extensive in terms of characteristics and usage, we investigate their structure and principles by classifying the blockchain oracle implementation techniques into two major groups voting-based strategies and reputation-based ones. This article studies and analyzes how blockchain oracles provide final feedback (i.e., outcome) to smart contracts and survey blockchain oracle technologies and mechanisms regarding data integrity and correctness.
Hence, Blockchain oracles are introduced and implemented in the form of application programming interfaces connecting the real world to the blockchain for mitigating such a limitation. This connectability to off-chain data for smart contracts and blockchain is an open practical problem referred to as the “oracle problem” and is defined as how real-world data can be transferred into/from the blockchain. Although promising, the usability of smart contracts is primarily limited to on-chain data without access to the external systems (i.e., off-chain) where real-world data and events reside.
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Besides, introducing smart contracts to the blockchain has added programmability, revolutionizing the software ecosystem toward decentralized applications. A blockchain is a form of distributed ledger technology where transactions as data state changes are permanently recorded securely and transparently without the need for third parties.
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